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№1 (85)
WATERDISPOSAL
Portnova T. M., Vitkovskaya R. F., Dregulo A. M., Kudryavtsev A.V., Rodionov V. Z., Protsenko O. V., Furtatova A. S.SORBENT (GRANULATED ACTIVATED CARBON) REACTIVATION IN DUALMEDIA RAPID FILTERS TO OPTIMIZE THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.1.3-8
Introduction. Water supply organizations are currently in need of innovative solutions and technologies based on the concept of the closed-loop resource cycle. The need for sustainable use of resources serves as the basis for changing the existing approach where worn-out resources are considered wastes. Materials and methods. In this paper, we show that it is expedient to restore the sorption properties of granulated activated carbon (GAC) by its reactivation and reuse in closed-loop recycling. We also present methods to study GAC properties and technology of reactivation. Results and discussion. Based on the results of the GAC samples’ analysis, it was found that, during reactivation, the mass content of each fraction changes with a strongly pronounced decrease in the content of large granules with a size of 1.18–2.00 mm and an increase in the content of small granules with a size of 0.60–1.00 mm. Besides, the apparent density of the sorption material changes and the volume of carbon that underwent two reactivations falls below 75%. Conclusion. GAC reactivation in dual-media rapid filters allows us to optimize not only the operating and financial expenses of the company but also those natural resources that would have been spent for the production of new carbon.
Key words: water supply, waste recycling, sorbent reactivation, granulated activated carbon
References: 1. Alekseyev, M. I., Ivanov, V. G., Kurganov, A. M., Medvedev, G. P., Mishukov, B. G., Feofanov, Yu. A., Tsvetkova, L. I., Chernikov, N. A. and Gerasimov, G. N. (eds.) (2007). Water treatment handbook. In 2 volumes, 2nd edition. Saint Petersburg: Novy Zhurnal, 1696 p.
2. Berndt, D., Drews, M., Friedmann, R., Herb, S., Leuschke, J., Loew, W., Lomott, M., Meyer, V., Pütz, R. and Turinsky, R. (2010). Water supply experience: handbook for operating personnel of water supply organizations. Saint Petersburg: Novy Zhurnal, 496 p.
3. Gvozdev, V. A., Portnova, T. M., Iatsinevich, N. V. (2018).
Regeneration of the sorption capacity of granulated activated
carbon. Water Supply and Sanitary Technique, No. 2, рp. 4–9.
4. Karmazinov, F. V. (ed.) (2008). Water supply and wastewater disposal in Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg: Novy Zhurnal, 464 p.
5. Nefedova, E. D., Feofanov, I. A. and Elistratova, I. V. (2018). The experience of operating new water treatment facilities at the South Water Treatment Plant in Saint-Petersburg
Water Supply and Sanitary Technique, No. 5, pp. 5–12.
6. Portnova, T. M., Gukova, N. V., Vitkovskaya, R. F., Smirnov, A. O., Badyagin, A. O. (2020). Innovative technologies in the process of obtaining drinking water at the State Unitary Enterprise “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg”. Vestnik of St. Petersburg State University of Technology and Design, Series 1. Natural and Technical Sciences, No. 1, pp. 109–116.
7. Rodionov, V. Z., Dregulo, A. M. and Kudryavtsev, A. V. (2019). Anthropogenic impact on the ecological state of rivers in the Leningrad Region. Water and Ecology. No. 4 (80), рp. 96–108. DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2019.24.4.96-108.
8. Samonin, V. V., Spiridonova, E. A., Nefedova, E. D., Portnova, T. M., Gvozdev, V. A. and Podviaznikov, M. L. (2013). Water purification with the use of granulated activated carbon at the Southern Waterworks. Water Supply and Sanitary Technique. No. 9, рp. 43–51.
9. Spiridonova, E. A., Podvyaznikov, M. L., Sergeyev, V. V.,
Solovey, V. N., Khrylova, E. D. and Samonin, V. V. (2018). High temperature pilot reactivation of the carbon adsorbent spent in process of water treatment in unit K-6 of Southern Water Supply Station of Vodokanal of St. Petersburg. Bulletin of Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University),
No. 47 (73), рp. 112–116.
10. Fonseca, J. M., Teleken, J. G., de Cinque Almeida, V., da Silva, C. (2019). Biodiesel from waste frying oils: methods of production and purification. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 184, pp. 205–218. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.061
11. Khok, Y.-T., Ooi, C.-H., Matsumoto, A. and Yeoh, F.-Y. (2020). Reactivation of spent activated carbon for glycerine
purification. Adsorption, Vol. 26, Issue 7, pp. 1015–1025.
12. Larasati, A., Fowler, G. D. and Graham, N. J. D. (2020).
Chemical regeneration of granular activated carbon: preliminary evaluation of alternative regenerant solutions. Environmental
Science: Water Research & Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 8,
pp. 2043–2056. DOI: 10.1039/D0EW00328J.
13. Narbaitz, R. M. and Karimi-Jashni, A. (2012). Electrochemical reactivation of granular activated carbon: impact of reactor configuration. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 197, pp. 414–423. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.05.049.
14. Yin, C. Y., Aroua, M. K. and Daud, W. M. A. W. (2007). Review of modifications of activated carbon for enhancing contaminant uptakes from aqueous solutions. Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 3, pp. 403–415. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2006.06.009.
Sanin G. M., Rukobratsky N. I., Baruzdin R. E.SELECTING ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS FOR WATER TREATMENT MODULES IN THE OIL AND GAS FIELD AREAS OF THE FAR NORTH
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.1.9-19
Introduction. The article provides data on engineering solutions for water treatment modules being part of the utility
and drinking water supply complexes in small settlements located in the Far North, where low-turbidity, high-colored
waters serve as the surface sources of water supply. These sources include the river networks of the Ob River (including
the southern area of the Gulf of Ob, Kara Sea), Pur River, and Taz River (including the Gulf of Taz, Kara Sea). Methods.
We present an analysis of the applied water treatment technologies, reagents, and materials, as well as water processing
modes, and establish the reasons for the unsatisfactory performance of the operated water treatment modules implementing
physical-and-chemical methods of water purification. Results. It is found that the use of granular materials as media for rapid filters (AS, MS, MZhF autocatalytic sorbents) is not very effective since they are intended for the purification of
colorless groundwater with a high content of dissociated compounds of divalent iron and manganese. Throughout the year, the modules operate without account for seasonal fluctuations in the qualitative composition of the source water and with reagents that have lost their active properties. Conclusion. Based on the conducted studies, we propose engineering solutions for the purification of low-turbidity, high-colored waters of surface sources, making it possible to achieve target quality indicators complying with the best available technologies.
Key words: water treatment modules, purification of low-turbidity, high-colored waters, filter media
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Moscow: Stroyizdat, 440 p.
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(2003). Hygienic Standards GN 2.1.5.1315–03. Maximum
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Chemical and Biological Substances of the Ministry of Health
of the Russian Federation, 154 p.
7. Gorelkina, G. A., Madzhugina, A. A., Ushakova, I. G. and
Korchevskaya, Yu. V. (2015). Conditions for effective treatment
of natural low turbidity waters having high water colour
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ECOLOGY
Yermekov M. T., Rozhkova O. V., Sandibekova S. G., Tolysbayev Ye. T.CHALLENGES OF SNOW DISPOSAL AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NUR-SULTAN
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.1.20-29
Introduction. In this paper, we analyze various methods of snow removal in urban areas and consider the most cost-effective
and efficient solutions for snow removal and disposal using heat from sewage drains by means of stationary snow-melting
points (SMP) in Nur-Sultan. In cooperation with Astana su Arnasy specialists, responsible for the operation of the city sewer
system, as well as cleaning and disinfection of urban sewage drains, we reviewed the main advantages and disadvantages.
Methods. The paper looks into the possibility of utilizing heat from sewage drains with the help of heat pumps. This method
has been successfully tested at a sewage treatment plant and is currently used to heat auxiliary premises. The same principle
can be applied in SMPs with a separate discharge of meltwater to the storm sewer. Results. Having studied the experience
of using various methods for snow removal in urban areas, we find that snow removal with the use of sewage drains through
the creation of special snow-melting complexes integrated with the city sewer system is the most promising method for
Nur-Sultan since it allows for reducing costs, intensifying the process of snow melting, and eliminating the hazardous
impact of meltwater on the environment. Conclusion. To ensure successful implementation and use of this snow removal
method in Nur-Sultan, it is required to conduct a number of additional studies on the impact of sewage treatment plants on
the technological processes, as well as to test options for separating sewage drains with the help of heat pumps, and, based
on the studies conducted, to determine the final configuration of snow-melting complexes.
Key words: snow disposal, sewage treatment plants, stationary snow melting points, wastewater, snow removal, Nur-Sultan
References: 1. Abdalov, R. R., Sonich, V. F. and Grishkova, А. V. (2013).
Alternative method of snow utilization. Bulletin of Perm National
Research Polytechnic University. Construction and Architecture,
No 1, pp. 7–13.
2. Voronov, Yu. V., Deryushev, L. G. and Deryusheva, N. L.
(2013). Design issues of stationary snow-melting stations.
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Zhakipbekov, Zh. N., Merkureva, S. N., Sсhefer, V. I. and
Ivanovich V. V. (2020). Problems and solutions of the silt sludge
utilization issues at waste treatment facilities of Nur-Sultan city. News of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series: Chemistry and Technology, No. 5 (443), pp. 71–76. DOI: 10.32014/2020.2518-1491.82.
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Abikenova, S. M. and Radzevicius A. (2019). Purification degrees
of waste water under different irrigation regimes. News of the
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of
Geology and Technical Sciences, No. 3 (435), pp. 96–101. DOI:
10.32014/2019.2518-170X.73.
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Nikonova, T. Yu., Kibeko, A. S. and Ivanov, S. S. (2019).
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principle of dispersion. International Journal of Applied and
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(2016). Review of researches on interaction of snow cover by
various working bodies of utility machines. Izvestia of Samara
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9. Selekh, Е. V. and Sudnikovich, V. G. (2015). Technical
process of facility of snowmelting points on the basis of heat
recovery of sewage waters during reconstruction of existing
sewage networks. Proceedings of Universities. Technical
Sciences. Construction, No. 2 (13), pp. 93–98.
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melting in the capital. [online] Dalainform.kz. Available at:
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for countries with cold climates [online]. Travel Ask. Available
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Reshetnyak O. S., Komarov R. S.TRENDS IN THE VARIABILITY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND WATER POLLUTION LEVEL IN THE KUBAN RIVER
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.1.30-40
Introduction. The paper explores the long-term spatial and temporal variability of the chemical composition and water quality
in the Kuban River. Methods. To study the variability of the chemical composition of river water, we analyzed data from
systematic observations over the concentrations of major ions, biogenic and organic substances, petroleum products and
heavy metals from 2010 to 2017. To describe the variability of water quality, we used such indicators as water quality class,
water pollution level, and characteristic pollutants. Results. It is shown that the spatial change in the chemical composition is
uneven — a number of components in the water have low concentrations in the upper reaches, increasing in the lower part of
the river. Others are characterized by high concentrations in the middle reaches, followed by a decrease towards the mouth.
Over time, the change in the concentrations of chlorides, sulfates, organic substances and petroleum products increases. As for
the content of nitrates, a slight decrease was detected in its variability. For the remaining chemicals, there were no clear trends.
We established that in most cases the water in the Kuban River can be classified as polluted and very polluted (water quality
class 3). We also found that the nature of river water pollution regarding a number of components is stable. Conclusion. In
modern conditions of sharp climate changes and anthropogenic impact, the identified features of the chemical composition and
trends in water quality variability of the Kuban River are of great practical importance and can be used in the development
of environmentally sound recommendations for improving water quality and the state of water ecosystems in the river basin.
Key words: Kuban River, anthropogenic impact, chemical composition, water quality, water pollution level, water quality
trends
References: 1. Belyuchenko, I. S. (2005). Ecology of Kuban. Part 1.
Krasnodar: Publishing House of Kuban State Agrarian
University, 513 p.
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(2013). Ecological state variability of mouth ecosystems of big
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M. Yu. (2012). Russian rivers. Part 5. Rivers of the Azov Sea
(hydrochemistry and hydroecology). Rostov-on-Don: NOK
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13. Nikanorov, A. M., Bryzgalo, V. A., Kosmenko, L. S.,
Kondakova, M. Yu. and Reshetnyak O. S. (2010). Role of
chemical substances inflow in anthropogenic transformation of
river Volga mouth area. Water: Chemistry and Ecology, No. 7
(25), pp. 6–12.
14. Nikanorov, A. M., Bryzgalo, V. A., Reshetnyak, O. S.,
Kosmenko, L. S., and Kondakova, M. Yu. (2013). Anthropgenic
transformation of ecological status and pollutants’ transport
along the Kuban River length. Water Sector of Russia: Problems,
Technologies, Management, No. 2, pp. 108–118.
15. Nikanorov, A. M., Minina, L. I., Lobchenko, E. E.,
Emelyanova, V. P., Nichiporova, I. P., Lyampert, N. A.,
Pervysheva, O. A. and Lavrenko N. Yu. (2015). The dynamics
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Robertus Y. V., Puzanov A.V., Kivatskaya A.V., Lyubimov R. V.ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF LAKE MANZHEROK REHABILITATION (ALTAI REPUBLIC)
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.1.41-49
Introduction. Manzherok Lake is the only habitat of the Red Book endemic water chestnut (Trapa pectinata) in the Altai
Republic. In the second half of the 20th century, its catchment area underwent significant anthropogenic transformations,
increasing the degradation of the lake ecosystem. To stabilize the state of the reservoir, in 2017–2018, its central part was
cleared of the bottom silt (sapropels). Methods. In 2019–2020, as part of monitoring the state of the lake’s water area, 11
rounds of water testing were conducted at six points on two profiles. In total, we collected 72 water samples and studied their
chemical composition and, partially, microbiological parameters. The suspended matter content, turbidity and oxidability
of water were determined on an ongoing basis. Results. We identified a trend for a consistent decrease in the content of
suspended particles and other indicators of the ecological state of water. The forecast for 2020 to improve the quality of lake
water was confirmed. We also revealed other positive changes in the ecological state of Manzherok Lake after its clearing.
Conclusion. We determined features of lake ecosystem self-restoration after rehabilitation and made a forecast regarding
the preservation of positive trends in the restoration of water quality for the next 1–2 years. It is shown that the lake clearing
of the bottom silt did not solve the problem of its rehabilitation to the full.
Key words: Manzherok Lake, bottom silt, water, pollution, clearing, environmental consequences, rehabilitation
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Smirnova V. S., Tekanova E. V., Kalinkina N. M., Chernova E. N.PHYTOPLANKTON STATE AND CYANOTOXINS IN THE SVYATOZERO LAKE BLOOM SPOT (ONEGA LAKE BASIN, RUSSIA)
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.1.50-60
Introduction. This paper is the first to address the state of phytoplankton in eutrophic Svyatozero Lake (61о32´ N, 33о35´ E.),
used for trout farming in the Republic of Karelia, in the North-Western Region of Russia, during the period of water bloom.
For northern reservoirs, water bloom is not a typical phenomenon. However, due to climate warming and the large-scale
development of trout breeding in the region, it becomes more urgent to study blooming reservoirs and related consequences
for northern aquatic ecosystems and humans. Methods. We processed phytoplankton samples and measured photosynthesis
using conventional methods. The concentration of chlorophyll a in water was determined spectrophotometrically, and the
content of cyanotoxins was estimated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. In September 2019, we studied
the structural, quantitative and functional characteristics of phytoplankton in the bloom spot. The phytoplankton abundance
was 198.712 mln cells/l, the biomass was 14.945 mg/l, and the concentration of chlorophyll а reached 215.3 μg/l, which
corresponded to the β-eutrophic state of the ecosystem in the study area. It was revealed that cyanobacteria corresponded to
99.8% of the biomass and 96.7% of the abundance. The species of the genus Microcystis were dominant (42%). They are
well-known potential producers of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins, in particular, microcystins. We established the presence of
microcystins. Their intracellular and extracellular concentrations were equal and in total amounted to 12.56 μg/l. We also
identified eight structural variants of microcystins; among those, [D-Asp3] MC-RR accounted for up to 90% of the total content.
The most toxic MC-LR variant was present in trace amounts only in biomass. According to the WHO standards, the content
of microcystins and the number of cyanobacterial cells in the Svyatozero Lake bloom spot corresponds to average danger in
the case of recreational use and can pose a threat to human health. Conclusion. It is necessary to monitor the phytoplankton
composition, the presence of potentially toxic cyanobacterial species and cyanotoxins, as well as the state of trout farmed in the
waters of Svyatozero Lake, since cyanotoxins can accumulate in fish tissues.
Key words: eutrophication, phytoplankton, cyanobacteria, biogenic elements, cyanotoxins, microcystins, Karelia, Russia
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Shabalin V. V., Rogozhina T. S.DETERMINATION OF COMPONENTS, DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN NATURAL WATERS
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.1.61-70
Introduction. Large urban agglomerations have to deal with issues related to the high-quality drinking water supply. These
issues are mainly due to water quality deterioration, poor condition and severe wear of water supply infrastructure facilities.
Materials and methods. In our study, we analyze the composition of drinking water in the water supply system of St. Petersburg
for SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles and organic substances, including soluble proteins, protein components, and salts. For this
purpose, we estimated the concentration and distribution of nanoparticles and organic impurities in the sediment formed
after water evaporation from a sample in the form of a droplet. During the process, the following methods were used: the
method for dehydration of water droplets with the formation of a solid phase, the methods for optical analysis of the sediment
structure based on image analysis and recognition (photo and video recording of microscopic images), mathematical modeling
of sediment structures’ formation, and statistical analysis of the results. Results. The presence of impurities in water was
determined by the formation of periodic annular ring structures in sediments of aqueous solutions. The analysis of the structures
obtained made it possible to determine the composition of the mixture and percentage content of individual fractions by the
type of structural elements and their periodicity. We also developed a mathematical model simulating the processes of particle
settling out of a solution. The calculations were carried out using model liquids and made it possible to obtain dependencies for
the distribution of various dissolved particles in the structure of the solid phase, as well as to describe the staged mechanism in
settling during its formation.
Key words: protein-salt solutions, nanoparticles, droplet dehydration on a solid substrate, sediment structure, wavelet image
transformation, determination of the image structure periodicity
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№2 (86)
WATERDISPOSAL
Krasavtseva E. A., Sandimirov S. S.STATE OF WATER BODIES IN THE AREA OF INFLUENCE OF MINING AND PROCESSING ENTERPRISES (CASE STUDY OF LOVOZERSKY MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT)
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.3-13
Introduction. This extended study is the first to analyze the chemical composition of the surface waters and bottom sediments of the lakes affected to various extents by Lovozersky Mining and Processing Plant (Revda urban settlement, Murmansk Region) performing mining and processing of rare metal ores. Methods. During the study, we used data obtained in the course of research in 1995–2005 and 2019–2020. Water and bottom sediment samples were analyzed using various methods. The total contents of elements in the bottom sediments were compared with the background values or, in their absence, with the clarke contents of elements in the Earth’s crust. To assess the level of pollution in the Sergevan River receiving wastewater from the plant, the maximum pollution index was calculated. Results. Over the past 35 years, the chemical composition of the surface waters of nearby water bodies underwent minor changes. No significant excess of maximum permissible concentrations for fishery water bodies was found. The comparison of the contents of heavy metals in the bottom sediments collected from Lakes Ilma and Krivoye with the background values revealed contamination of the Lake Ilma with strontium, zinc and manganese. Besides, a multiple excess of the content of rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd), Nb and Ta was established in the bottom sediments of Lake Ilma in comparison with that in Lake Krivoye. The analysis of the river water samples taken at different distances upstream and downstream the site of wastewater discharge confirmed the assumption about the pollution of the Sergevan River by wastewater from the plant. Conclusion. The pollution of the water bodies is mainly caused by wastewater discharged from the plant, however, the increased content of rare earth elements in the bottom sediments of Lake Ilma may be due to air transport of particles of loparite ore concentration tailings, drainage from tailing dams, or degradation of underlying rocks.
Key words: surface waters, bottom sediments, pollutants, wastewater, rare earth elements
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Telyatnikova A. M., Fedorov S. V., Kudryavtsev A. V.MODELING THE OPERATION OF SEPARATION CHAMBERS
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.14-21
Introduction. Separation chambers are designed and built for separate and partially separate sewerage systems. Their main
function is to separate the flow of relatively clean water during heavy rain. This allows the discharge of such water without
treatment into water bodies or storage tanks. The approach reduces the load of wastewater treatment plants. To design
separation chambers, we need to understand how their design features affect the process of flow separation. It is possible to
study the hydraulic characteristics of separation chambers of any design with the help of computer simulation. Two designs
of separation chambers were investigated: a circular spillway with a full-scale prototype and a spiral spillway proposed
by the authors. Methods. The research was based on simulation in the ANSYS CFX finite element analysis software. For
each design, a series of five experiments with different incoming flow rates was performed. Results. Models of two types
of separation chambers were developed and qualitatively evaluated. The hydraulic characteristics were established and
quantified: the uniformity of the flow discharged for treatment and the spillway discharge coefficient. Conclusion. As a
result, a principled approach was formed and tested. Using this approach, it is possible to study the hydraulic characteristics
of separation chambers of various designs for their further use in the sewerage system.
Key words: sewer network, wastewater, rainwater drainage, separation chamber, computer simulation, ANSYS CFX.
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Fokina N. V., Mayorov, D. V., Gorbacheva T. T.AMORPHOUS SILICA OBTAINED FROM NEPHELINE RAW MATERIALS IN THE DEPHOSPHORIZATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.22-29
Introduction. The paper addresses the importance of extracting the labile form of phosphorus from wastewater with
the possibility of its further use. The advantages of sorption methods and the prospects of using amorphous silica as an
ameliorant with a prolonged fertilizing effect are considered. Methods. We performed experimental modeling of phosphates
extraction from model solutions and a sludge mixture from regional sewage treatment plants. Amorphous silica obtained
from local nepheline raw materials in acid treatment using a patented technology was used as sorbents. Results. A sorbent
based on amorphous silica with a pore diameter of 8.41 nm was obtained. Its sorption capacity exceeds 29 mgP/g in the
phosphate form, which corresponds to the average level of phosphorus removal, noted for a number of sorbents used in
the international practice of wastewater dephosphorization when producing unconventional ameliorants. Conclusion. For
effective phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater to obtain an unconventional ameliorant with a fertilizing effect in
terms of Si and P, sorbent consumption of 1 g/l is sufficient.
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ECOLOGY
Volkova N. E., Podovalova S. V., Umerova L. R.METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON RIVER GEOSYSTEMS
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.30-39
Introduction. The increasing shortage of water resources in the Republic of Crimea, due to water supplies from the external
water source being shut off, emphasized the need to rationally use the existing water resource potential, which in turn
requires a balance between the water users’ interests and maintaining a favorable environmental situation in the peninsula’s
watercourses. Although in Russian and global practice there is a whole range of approaches to assessing the impact of
natural and anthropogenic factors on the state of river geosystems, not all of them are applicable to solving the indicated
problem. Methods: By testing integrated techniques, methods and models for assessing the impact of human activity on the
stability of river natural and engineering systems (using the Zuya River as an example), we selected the most appropriate
approach to develop viable solutions in water management. Results: By comparing the possibilities of using the scoring
index method to assess the stability and vulnerability of watercourses to changes in physical and geographical as well as
hydrological parameters and water quality, and methodology for the integrated assessment of the geoecological state of
water resources of small rivers and the system model “Minor River Basin”, we revealed that only with the use of the latter
it is possible not only to assess the real situation but also identify the reasons that impede the rational use of the peninsula’s
watercourses. Conclusion: When developing decisions related to water management in the Republic of Crimea, the use of
a suitable methodological approach to assessing the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the stability of river
geosystems will make it possible to avoid mistakes when choosing measures and prioritizing actions aimed at the rational
use of the existing water resource potential.
Key words: watercourse, anthropogenic load, ecological situation, integrated assessment, rational water use.
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Dzhamalov R. G., Vlasov K. G., Grigorev V. Y., Galagur K. G., Reshetnyak O. S, Safronova T. I.SCALE AND LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF OKA RIVER BASIN POLLUTION
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.40-53
Introduction. This article addresses the long-term dynamics of Oka River basin pollution. The basin serves as the main
source of drinking water and a receiver of wastewater from a number of regions in European Russia. Methods. We assessed
the water quality by 12 main hydrochemical indicators and constructed maps of their distribution with a breakdown into
two periods (1990–1999 and 2000–2017). The anthropogenic load along the section in the city of Gorbatov was determined.
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and their statistical significance were calculated. Results. For 18 gauging stations
with 25 and more years of observations, the magnitude of the linear trend (%/year) was estimated using the Theil–Sen
estimator, and the statistical significance of the linear trend (Mann–Kendall test) was assessed for individual stations and
the entire basin, using a modified Walker test. The runoff of pollutants from the urban territory was estimated between the
sections upstream and downstream the cities in the upper reaches of the Oka River basin. The volumes of pollutants in the
Oka River from the cities of Orel, Belev and Kaluga were determined for the period of 1990–2017. The calculations of the
pollutant runoff, performed between the sections upstream and downstream the cities, made it possible to determine the
role of the cities in the formation of point pollution in the upper reaches of the Oka River. The anthropogenic load along
the length of the river in terms of the influx of chemicals varies from “low” to “high”. The load is largely due to the intake
of pollutants since water bodies and watercourses serve as receivers of both treated and insufficiently treated wastewater
from various enterprises. Conclusion. Almost throughout the basin, the water quality is under stress. The statistical analysis
showed the existing relationship between a certain type of land use and the concentration of substances in surface waters.
It was revealed that the self-cleaning capacity of the river is sufficient to prevent pollutants from accumulating along it.
Key words: Oka River, river flow, water quality, anthropogenic load, influx of chemicals.
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anthropogic loading on the Oka basin within Moscow region.
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M. (2017). Hydrochemical runoff of the Oka basin’s rivers.
Water and Ecology, No. 4, pp. 26–39. DOI: 10.23968/2305–
3488.2017.22.4.26–39.
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3488.2017.21.3.114–132.
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Klimovskiy N. V., Moreva O. Y., Matveev N. Y., Novoselov A. P.ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE ZIMNYAYA ZOLOTITSA RIVER IN THE AREA OF THE INDIRECT IMPACT OF THE MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.54-64
Introduction. Medium rivers play an important role in the environment: draining the large catchment area, they determine
the water content and quality as well as hydrological conditions in large watercourses. The joint effect of such factors as
the small size of these rivers and human activity disturbs the balance of ecosystems, thus increasing the vulnerability of the
rivers. Significant negative changes tend to occur faster and stronger in river valleys. Our aim was to study the ecological
state of the Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River ecosystem in the area of the indirect impact of wastewater from the mining and
processing plant in the Lomonosov diamond field. Methods. In the course of the study, we used the standard methods for
determining the main biogenic elements and oil hydrocarbons. Results. The paper provides data on the content of biogenic
elements in water, pH value, dissolved oxygen and mineralization, as well as the content of oil hydrocarbons in water
and bottom sediments. Conclusion. As a result of the studies, it was found that in the summer observation period, the
concentrations of phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon salts as well as oil hydrocarbons did not exceed the maximum allowable
values for fishery reservoirs.
Key words: Zimnyaya Zolotitsa River, dissolved oxygen, pH value, biogenic elements, oil hydrocarbons, bottom sediments.
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Leningrad: Hydrometeorological Publishing House, 296 p.
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Lozhkin V. N. Lozhkina O. V.IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MONITORING AIR POLLUTION FROM VEHICLES (CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG)
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.2.65-74
Introduction. St. Petersburg is the cultural and sea capital of Russia. The city is characterized by environmental problems
typical for the largest cities in the world. It has a technical system for instrumental online monitoring and computational
forecasting of air quality. Methods. The system maintains the information process by means of computational monitoring
of its current and future state. Results. The paper describes methodological approaches to the generation of instrumental
information about the structure and intensity of traffic flows in the urban road network and its digital transformation into GIS
maps of air pollution in terms of pollutants standard limit values excess. Conclusion. The original information technology
for air quality control was introduced at the regional level in the form of an official methodology and is used in environmental
management activities.
Key words: urban motor vehicles, traffic intensity, pollutants, air quality, information monitoring system, management.
References: 1. Lozhkin, V. N. and Lozhkina, O. V. (2011). Managing
the environmental safety of urban transport. Analysis of the
effectiveness of managing the environmental safety of urban
transport (case study of Saint Petersburg). Saarbrücken: LAP
Lambert Academic Publishing, 204 p.
2. Lozhkin, V. N., Lozhkina, O. V., Seliverstov, S. A. and
Kripak, M. N. (2020). Forecasting of dangerous air pollution
by cruise ships and motor vehicles in the areas of their joint
influence in Sevastopol, Vladivostok and St. Petersburg. Water
and Ecology, No. 1 (81), pp. 38–48. DOI: 10.23968/2305-
3488.2020.25.1.38-50.
3. Lozhkina, O. V. (2018). Methodology for forecast and
monitoring of the emergency impact of transport on the urban
environment and population. DSc Thesis in Engineering. Saint
Petersburg: Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of
EMERCOM of Russia.
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living environment factor in Saint Petersburg. Transportation
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trpro.2020.10.046.
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Ginzburg, G. (2020). Monitoring of extreme air pollution on
ring roads with PM2.5 soot particles considering their chemical
composition (case study of Saint Petersburg). Transportation
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trpro.2020.10.045.
№3 (87)
WATERDISPOSAL
Амбросова Г. Т., Кругликова А. В., Колодезникова А. П., Семенова А. П.АНАЛИЗ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ КОМПАКТНЫХ УСТАНОВОК ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ СТОЧНОЙ ЖИДКОСТИ
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.3.3-15
Introduction. In this paper, we consider the operation principle, features, advantages, and disadvantages of compact domestic
wastewater treatment plants designed by domestic manufacturers. The compact plants used until 2000 were designed to reduce
such two indicators in the waste liquid as BOD and suspended solids. Since 2000, modern compact plants capable of reducing four
indicators (BOD, suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus) have been developed and installed in Russia. Methods. Biological
methods of removing organic substances and nitrogen from the waste liquid are used at modern compact plants. Phosphorus is
removed by using both biological and physical-and-chemical methods. The main issue in the operation of compact domestic
wastewater treatment plants is the extremely nonuniform flow of wastewater; the coefficient of hourly nonuniformity can be 3.5
or higher. Another serious issue is the reduction in the waste liquid temperature in the cold period to critical values that hinder the biochemical oxidation of organic substances in aeration tanks. In permafrost areas (Yakutia), the influence of this factor can be observed even in the warm period. Results. Based on theoretical research and many years of experience in commissioning, we
identified the consequences of design flaws and violations during operation for the stability and performance efficiency of compact
plants of various modifications. Conclusion. The performed study made it possible to develop and recommend the optimal option
for wastewater treatment, which allowed us to ensure that the indicators were brought to the maximum permissible concentrations
of pollutants (suspended solids — 2–3 mg/l, BODult — 3–5 mg/l, ammonium nitrogen — 0.4 mg/l, nitrate nitrogen — 9 mg/l,
phosphorus — 0.2 mg/l), established for discharge into fishing reservoirs.
Key words: compact plants, wastewater treatment, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, waste liquid temperature, modern technology.
References: 1. Ambrosova, G. and Kruglikova, A. (2016). Affect
of climatic conditions on the efficiency of work of open
wastewater treatment plant. In: 8th International Conference
on Contemporary Problems of Architecture and Construction,
October 26–28, 2016. Yerevan: National University of
Architecture and Construction of Armenia, pp. 3–6.
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Rafal’skaia, T. A. and Timofeev, S. L. (2019). Impact of natural
and climatic factors on the efficiency of open wastewater
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ECOLOGY
Belousova A. P., Rudenko E. E.INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF THE DIVERSE TECHNOGENIC LOAD ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATE IN BRYANSK REGION
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.3.16-32
Introduction. The paper is timed to coincide with the mournful date of the 35th anniversary of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In Russia, Bryansk Region is the most affected area in this regard. Our goal was to assess the diverse integral technogenic load in Bryansk Region, which is characterized by a developed industry and agriculture despite the negative consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. We assessed the technogenic load on various components of the environment within the framework of a previously developed methodology aimed to identify the most environmentally unfriendly territories. Methods. Based on the annual data of Typhoon Research and Production Association on radiation monitoring, state and regional reports on the state of the environment, a radiation analysis was carried out in Bryansk Region. A number of territories in the south-west of the region are characterized by a high level of soil contamination with a technogenic radionuclide 137Cs, which is more than 40 Ci/km2. To assess the impact of the technogenic load on the environment, a new methodological approach was developed to account for components of different dimensions in the areas of the studied region. This approach makes it possible to combine all characteristics of different dimensions in calculations and bring them to dimensionless values. It should be noted that the assessments and comparisons were carried out exclusively within Bryansk Region and they can be used only with regard to the corresponding objects. If there is a need to compare it with other regions of the Russian Federation or have a countrywide comparison, then it is necessary to introduce average comparative values.Results. In the course of the study, we assessed the impact of the total technogenic load on the environment in Bryansk Region, which includes the studies of the following: technogenic load on the environment, socio-environmental situation, radiation situation, and integral load (technogenic, socio-environmental, and radiation). Conclusion. The integral assessment of the impact of the diverse load on the environmental state in Bryansk Region
showed that the western part of the region is characterized by a high and very high integral load only. This is due to the technogenic load and radioactive contamination. In this regard, the western part of Bryansk Region is of interest for further research.
Key words: socio-environmental situation, radiation situation, monitoring, radionuclides, groundwater contamination, sources of
pollution, integral technogenic load.
References: 1. Belousova, A. P. (2001). Quality of underground waters.
Modern approaches to assessment. Moscow: Nauka, 339 p.
2. Belousova, A. P. (2005). Groundwater resources and their
protection against pollution in the Dnieper River basin and its
individual areas: Russian territory. Moscow: LENAND, 168 p.
3. Belousova, A. P. (2015). Groundwater monitoring at
nuclear power plant sites. Prospect and Protection of Mineral
Resources, No. 4, pp. 65–71.
4. Belousova, A. P., Gavich, I. K., Lisenkov, A. B. and
Popov, E. V. (2006). Environmental hydrogeology: textbook
for universities. Moscow: Akademkniga Publishing and Book-
Selling Center, 397 p.
5. Belousova, A. P., Minyaeva, Yu. V. and Rudenko, E. E.
(2019). Methodology for assessment protection and vulnerability
of groundwater from contamination in regions with complex
environmental situation. Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics,
Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 100–130.
6. Belousova, A. P. and Proskurina, I. V. (2010). Technogenic
load as risk factor of ground water contamination process.
Water: Chemistry and Ecology, No. 12 (30), pp. 2–11.
7. Belousova, A. P. and Rudenko, E. E. (2017). Small-scale
subdivision of technogeneous loading on the environment. Problems
of Ecological Monitoring and Ecosystem Modelling, Vol. 28, No. 5,
pp. 21–43. DOI: 10.21513/0207-2564-2017-5-21-43.
8. Belousova, A. P. and Rudenko, E. E. (2020). Analysis
of the environmental state of the Volga River basin. Water
and Ecology, No. 2 (82), pp. 12–26. DOI: 10.23968/2305-
3488.2020.25.2.12-26.
9. Belousova, A. P., Rudenko, E. E. and Minyaeva, Yu. V.
(2019). Methodology for assessment of the total technogenic
load on the environment in the area of Chernobyl trace. Water
and Ecology, No. 2 (78), pp. 59–67. DOI: 10.23968/2305-
3488.2019.24.2.59-67.
10. Belousova, A. P. (2000). A concept of forming a structure
of ecological indicators and indexes for region sustainable
development. Environmental Geology, Vol. 39, Issue 11,
pp. 1227–1236. DOI: 10.1007/s002549900092.
11. Belousova, A. P. (2003). Structure of ecological indicators
and indices for sustainable groundwater development. Water
Resources Systems—Water Availability and Global Change (Proceedings of symposium HS02a held during IUGG2003 at
Sapporo, July 2003). IAHS Publication, No. 280, pp. 48–53.
Dzhamalov R. G., Reshetnyak O. S., Vlasov K. G., Galagur K. G., Oboturov A. S., Safronova T. I.SPECIFIC FEATURES OF WATER CHEMISTRY AND QUALITY IN THE LENA RIVER BASIN
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.3.33-43
Introduction. The Lena River is one of the largest rivers in Russia and the main transport artery of Yakutia. Methods. In
the course of the study, we considered the water regime of the Lena River in 1981–2019 in relation to the monthly average
water discharge. The hydrochemical runoff was quantitatively assessed based on the widely used landscape-hydrological
method. The analysis made it possible to estimate the relationship between the natural water quality and the environmental
state of catchments. Results. An increase in the winter temperature reduced the depth of soil freezing and increased the
drainage properties of soil as well as the number and duration of winter thaws. The most pronounced annual water discharge
was observed in the Aldan River basin in the eastern part of the Lena River basin. The current state of the surface water
quality was assessed by the main hydrochemical characteristics: water salinity, principal ions (sulfates (SO4
2–)), nutrients
(nitrite nitrogen (NO2–)), organic matter (BOD5 and COD), oil products, phenols, and iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) compounds.
The water has quality class 3 and is characterized as “polluted” or “very polluted” in different zones of the river basin, with
the situation being most acute in the Olekma River. Conclusions. We present the results of an analysis of the spatial and
temporal variations in the content of the most informative hydrochemical components for two periods (2001–2009 and
2010–2019) in the Lena River basin in accordance with the most stringent commercial fishing standards in force. We also
plotted and mapped the temporal variations in the main pollutants. Graphs and maps of the time dynamics of the main
pollutants are constructed.
Key words: river water, hydrochemical runoff, anthropogenic impact, water quality, chemicals, pollutants.
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Krasavtseva E. A., Gorbacheva T. T., Ivanova L. A., Maksimova V. V.MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER IN EXPERIMENTS ON RECLAMATION OF LOPARITE ORE DRESSING TAILINGS
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.3.44-55
Introduction. This paper discusses the effectiveness of using clarified municipal wastewater (CMW) and wastewater sludge (WS) to form stable phytocenoses at the waste storage facilities of the rare metal industry in Murmansk Region. The restoration of the vegetation cover at tailing dumps is limited by the low content of organic matter and associated nitrogen, and the low bioavailability of plant nutrients (K, Ca, Mg, P). The use of WS and other ameliorants of organic nature is a type of chemical amelioration aimed primarily at improving the edaphic properties of man-made soils. Methods. We examined the loparite ore dressing tailings sampled in the operating field of the tailing dump of a rare metal industry enterprise in the center of the Kola Peninsula. In the course of the study, we determined the suitability of the man-made soil for reclamation. To form seeded phytocenosis in a laboratory experiment, seeds of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) were used. The laboratory experiment involved the introduction of CMW, WS, a mixture of WS with silica clay into the soil, and a check. Analysis of the soil and plants was performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The quality of seeded cenosis was assessed according to the following parameters: green biomass, plant height, and projective cover. Results. The preliminary assessment of the man-made soil suitability for reclamation showed the
following: the loparite ore dressing tailings have unfavorable characteristics both for the natural regeneration of the vegetation cover and biological reclamation. The introduction of ameliorants had a stimulating effect on the growth of terrestrial biomass during the formation of phytocenosis under laboratory conditions. The results of leaf analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the surface application of organic additives with regard to the loparite ore dressing tailings. Conclusion. In the laboratory experiment with the
simulation of surface application, the stimulating effect of unconventional ameliorants (clarified municipal wastewater, wastewater sludge, and its mixture with silica clay) on the supply of nutrients to the reclaimed loparite ore dressing tailings was confirmed. The investigated ameliorants can be recognized as suitable for the biological reclamation of the dressing tailings of the rare metal industry, which does not require costly earthing and the application of protective polymer coatings.
Key words: chemical amelioration, clarified municipal wastewater, wastewater sludge, reclamation of tailing dumps.
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Maksimova Yu. G., Ovechkina G. V., Maksimov A. Yu.BIOAUGMENTATION OF ACRYLAMIDE-DEGRADING BACTERIA IN THE MICROBIOTA OF RIVER SLUDGE
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.3.56-65
Introduction. Bioaugmentation is an in situ bioremediation approach, which implies the introduction of a population of microorganisms with certain biodegrading abilities. Acrylamide is a biodegradable toxic substance. Our goal was to assess the survival of allochthonous bacterial cultures Alcaligenes faecalis 2 and Acinetobacter guillouiae 11h when introduced into river sludge and the efficiency of acrylamide decomposition by sludge with introduced amidase-containing bacteria. Methods. The microbiota of sludge from small rivers of Perm Territory was inoculated with the biomass of strains A. faecalis 2 and A.
guillouiae 11h, which have amidase activity. In a laboratory experiment, we studied the survival of these bacteria as well as
the biodegrading ability of the microbiota in relation to acrylamide after 3 and 6 months of incubation at 5 and 25°C. The
transformation of acrylamide was assessed by HPLC, the biodiversity of river sludge was assessed by the method of metagenomic
sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Results. Incubation of sludge at 25°C for 3–6 months deteriorates the biodegrading abilities of the microbiota in relation to acrylamide, and the transformation of this pollutant occurs only during the augmentation
of the biomass of amidase-containing bacteria, with acinetobacteria having an advantage over bacteria of Alcaligenes sp.
Upon incubation of sludge at 25°C, the phylogenetic diversity increases, and the proportion of representatives of the phyla
Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Ignavibacteriae, Candidatus Saccharibacteria, Acidobacteria increases as well, while the phylum
Proteobacteria accounts for most of the bacterial biota in all samples, and the phylum Firmicutes accounts for 10–30%.
The presence of representatives of Alcaligenes sp. and Acinetobacter sp. was confirmed in the microbiota of bioaugmented
sludge after 6 months of incubation at 25°C. When incubated at 5°C, the microbiota of native sludge is capable of degrading
acrylamide, but at a rate several times lower than during bioaugmentation. After incubation of Danilikha River sludge with
the introduced biomass of strains A. guillouiae 11h and A. faecalis 2 at 5°C for 6 months, the complete transformation of acrylamide was observed in 4 and 20 days, respectively, with native sludge — in 35 days.
Key words: river sludge, microbiota, bioaugmentation, acrylamide, amidase, biodegradation, metagenomics.
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Mitrukova G. G., Kapustina L. L., Kurashov E. A.DYNAMICS OF THE BACTERIOPLANKTON STATE IN THE SHCHUCHIY BAY OF LAKE LADOGA AFTER THE CLOSURE OF THE PRIOZERSKY PULP AND PAPER MILL
DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.3.66-74
Introduction. The Shchuchiy Bay is located in the western part of the skerry area of Lake Ladoga near the town of Priozersk. For almost 20 years, the bay has experienced an anthropogenic impact from the ingress of untreated wastewater from the Priozersk Pulp and Paper Mill (PPM). Systematic microbiological studies of the Shchuchiy Bay ecosystem were started in the middle of the 1970s by the Institute of Limnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and continued after the PPM closure in 1986. Materials and methods. The ecosystem of the bay was studied in detail during the growing season of 2013–2014; periodic studies were
carried out in 2015–2018. Retrospective data were also used for the analysis. Water samples were taken at four stations from the
surface horizon. The following microbiological indicators were determined: the abundance of bacterioplankton and the percentages
of various morphological types of bacterial cells. Results and discussion. A comparison of the quantitative level of development
of the bacterial community in the bay in different periods showed a gradual decrease in the abundance of bacterioplankton as
the anthropogenic impact weakened after the closure of the Priozersky PPM from 12.40 million cells ml–1 in 1987 to an average value of 2.62±1.03 million cells ml–1 in 2013–2018. A positive correlation was found between the concentration of bacteria and water temperature. The percentage of rod-shaped microorganisms in the water of the bay also decreased as the anthropogenic impact weakened from 73.4 % in 1987 to 53.1±7.6 % in 2013–2018, which indicated an improvement in water quality. Conclusion.
A stable decrease in the abundance of bacteria from the level characteristic of highly polluted and eutrophic water bodies to the level characteristic of mesotrophic and mesotrophic-eutrophic water bodies is a reliable criterion for the restoration of the ecosystem of the Shchuchiy Bay to the state characteristic of similar bays of Lake Ladoga.
Key words: Lake Ladoga, Shchuchiy Bay, bacterioplankton abundance, morphotypes of bacteria, trophic status.
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DOI: 10.23968/2305-3488.2021.26.3.75-84
Introduction. The Lososinka River is an urban tributary of Lake Onego, the lower reaches of which flow through the territory of Petrozavodsk city, receiving untreated drains of the city’s storm sewers. The river enters the Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onego,
which is used as a source of public drinking water supply in the city. Methods. During the 2015 open water period, the oxygen concentration, total iron, color, pH, total suspended matter, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), content of oil products, and dichromate chemical oxygen demand were measured by standard methods in the water of the background and urban areas of the Lososinka River. Results. In the river water, high values of water color (132 mg/l Cr-Co), total iron (1.5 mg/l), dichromate chemical oxygen demand (23 mgO/l) were revealed, which is associated with the geochemical peculiarities of the surface waters in Karelia, enriched in the humic matter. Seasonal increases in the concentrations of these indicators were associated with floods. The oxygen saturation of the water reached 90% due to the fast current and riffles. The indicators of water pollution include total phosphorous (60 μg/l), mineral phosphorous (40 μg/l), BOD5 (1.5 mgO2/l), suspended matter (25.5 mg/l), and content of oil products (0.02 mg/l). Seasonal changes in these indicators were not associated with the hydrological regime of the river. In the storm sewers of the city, the maximum permissible concentrations for BOD5 are exceeded by 4 times, and for oil products — by 15 times. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed that all the studied chemical indicators in the urban and background areas of the river do not have significant differences. Conclusion. Water quality in the Lososinka River is considered satisfactory in terms of most of the studied parameters. According to the total iron content, the water is characterized as polluted, and according to water color, the river water is classified as dirty. The maximum permissible concentrations for total iron in the background and urban areas of the river were exceeded by 10 times. The standards for water quality adopted in the Russian Federation and the maximum permissible concentrations for total iron and water color are inapplicable for the water bodies in Karelia with high background values of these indicators. The trophic status of the river corresponds to the eutrophic state. Good saturation of the river water with oxygen hinders water pollution in the city territory due to self-purification processes.
Key words: Lososinka River, hydrochemical indicators, seasonal dynamics, water pollution, storm sewage, water quality, maximum permissible concentrations.
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